While speaking in English we often compare contrast or we lay an
the emphasis we do this all the time we connect
sentences using linking words they are very important
as they help us express efficiently in English.
There are two types of linking words formal
and informal in this lesson we will look at 'formal linking words'
Linking words help us to show the contrast compare things show cause or reason they
show the result of an action and are also
used to lay emphasis let's understand them better
and learn how to use them in conversations and writing
take a look at this sentence this house was built in 1910 whereas the city
is modern in this sentence whereas is used to contrast the first
part of the sentence before the comma with the second part of
the sentence it shows a contrast probably your house
is the oldest in the city it's built in 1910 whereas the city
is now covered with tall skyscrapers it has
new and modern infrastructure here is the second sentence his blog
post was popular and his speech was equally well liked
now in this sentence we are showing a comparison
between the author's blog post and his speech
they were equally good the word equally compares the blog post and the author's
speech you can also use linking words to show a
reason look at this sentence video calls are
widespread owing to global internet access
here the linking word owing to explains why video calls
are popular the reason is internet access is now available worldwide
see how linking words help you in combining thoughts
in many different ways now let's see how we can use
a linking word to show result of some action
look at this sentence it's free to watch and
upload videos on youtube hence it is very popular
in this sentence we've used hence to explain
give reasons why youtube is so popular because it's free and of course
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now let's see how we can add emphasis to a sentence using linking words
elon musk is known for his visionary thinking
notably in the tech world by using the linking word
notably we are trying to show that elon musk
is famous in the tech world if we only say the first part of the sentence
it's a general statement by using the word notably
we emphasized to show that elon musk is more famous and known in the tech
world did you see how these small linking
words can help you express more efficiently in spoken english
well we looked at five sentences let us make this more exciting let's try
and change the linking word without changing the meaning of the
sentence this house was built in 1910
yet the city is modern we replaced whereas with yet the meaning of the
sentence hasn't changed it means the same thing
but you used a new linking word yet his blog post was popular and his speech
was equally well liked how can we replace the word equally
we can use the word similarly his blog post was popular and his speech
was similarly well liked you can either use equally or similarly
the meaning of the sentence won't change video calls are popular owing to global
internet access we can replace owing to with as a result
of let's read the sentence video calls are
popular as a result of global internet access
has the meaning changed no but you have used a new linking word to express
why video calls are so popular it's free to watch and upload videos
on youtube hence it's very popular in this case let's use a linking phrase
to replace hence we can say it's free to
watch and upload videos on youtube that being the case
it's very popular the meaning remains the same
i am sure youtube is popular as we spend at least
two to three hours on youtube don't you well if you are enjoying this video hit
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elon musk is known for his visionary thinking
notably in the tech world we can use the word
primarily instead of notably to lay emphasis
the meaning doesn't change it shows that elon musk is more famous in the tech
world for his visionary thinking so we are almost at the end of
this lesson let's quickly revise the linking words
you've learnt today whereas yet similarly
equally owing to as a result of hence that being the case
primarily notably try using them in your english
conversations to sound expressive and fluent that's all for today
i hope you found this lesson useful come back for more lessons
keep learning keep practicing and take good care of yourself bye